Lyme disease, science, and society: Camp Other
Showing posts with label brainstorm. Show all posts
Showing posts with label brainstorm. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 8, 2012

7 The New Tick Map Vs. The Atlantic Flyway: Things That Make You Go Hmm.

[Ed. - Overlay map revised Feb. 9, 2012.]

Well, I guess everyone has seen this map from Yale University by now...


Yes, it is a map of Lyme disease risk areas based on tick flagging from 2004-2007 in the above regions, followed by an analysis of those ticks. No matter where one looked, the odds of a tick carrying Borrelia burgdorferi were 1 in 5 everywhere... So be careful out there, huh?

While it's good to let people know there are transition areas where Lyme disease is up and coming, it's good not to be too complacent if you fall into a green zone. Today's low risk zone can be tomorrow's transitional area, and these maps must be accurately updated in order to reflect reality.

Thing is, I haven't been thinking of this map as regards tick distribution and Lyme disease so much as I've been thinking about this map:


Because there is evidence that ticks' distribution is spread not only by mammals which hug the ground - but can also be spread geographically by birds. 

So look at the above two maps. Now look at this, after I scale and resize them to overlap (somewhat off-bias, but best I could get with different projections):


Questions for my readers:
  • For those of you along the southern principal flyway, how many of you received an infected tick bite near that flyway, either to its north or south?
  • For those of you in northeastern and north central Florida, how many of you received an infected tick bite near that flyway passing over your state?
  • For those of you in eastern Canada, can you tell me if you received an infected tick bite near that flyway by the Great Lakes?

I'm looking at this and wondering a few other things, too, like I think these flyways would end up moving a little further north as global warming progresses - so I would expect a greater distribution of infected ticks further north as time goes on. Is there any way to confirm this is what is happening?


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Monday, April 25, 2011

0 Exercise: A Better Lyme Disease Case Defintion

CDC painting by numbers: The numbers
need to represent reality - actual cases are much
higher than those reported to the CDC.  
Since many patients do not like the case surveillance definition for Lyme disease, I have an exercise for my readers.

I'm going to provide you with a case definition for Lyme Disease, and see what you have to say about it.

Do you think it is better than the current CDC case definition? Or worse? Why or why not?

What do you think needs to change, and how would you change it?

What do you think is missing? What should be added?



Please share your view in comments -
I want to see what people say about this provided definition first and then see if we can collectively rewrite a better one.

Lyme Disease

Clinical description

A systemic, tick-borne disease with protean manifestations, including dermatologic, rheumatologic, neurologic, and cardiac abnormalities. The best clinical marker for the disease is the initial skin lesion, erthyma migrans, that occurs among 60-80% of patients.

Clinical case definition

  • Erythema migrans, or
  • At least one late manifestation, as defined below, and laboratory confirmation of infection

Laboratory criteria for diagnosis

  • Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from clinical specimen, or
  • Demonstration of diagnostic levels of IgM and IgG antibodies to the spirochete in serum or CSF, or
  • Significant change in IgM or IgG antibody response to B. burgdorferi in paired acute and convalescent phase serum samples

Case classification: a case that meets one of the clinical case definitions above

Comment

This surveillance case definition was developed for national reporting of Lyme disease; it is not appropriate for clinical diagnosis.

Definition of terms used in the clinical description and case definition:

A. Erythema migrans (EM)

For purposes of surveillance, EM is defined as a skin lesion that typically begins as a red macule or papule and expands over a period of days to weeks to form a large round lesion, often with partial central clearing. A solitary lesion must reach at least 5 cm in size. Secondary lesions may also occur. Annular erythematous lesions occurring within several hours of a tick bite represent hypersensitivity reactions and do not qualify as EM. For most patients, the expanding EM lesion is accompanied by other acute symptoms, particularly fatigue, fever, headache, mild stiff neck, arthralgia, or myalgia. These symptoms are typically intermittent. The diagnosis of EM must be made by a physician. Laboratory confirmation is recommended for persons with no known exposure.

B. Late manifestations

Late manifestations include any of the following when an alternate explanation is not found:

Musculoskeletal system

Recurrent, brief attacks (weeks or months) of objective joint swelling in one or a few joints, sometimes followed by chronic arthritis in one or a few joints. Manifestations not considered as criteria for diagnosis include chronic progressive arthritis not preceded by brief attacks and chronic symmetrical polyarthritis. Additionally, arthralgia, myalgia, or fibromyalgia syndromes alone are not criteria for musculoskeletal involvement.

Nervous system

Any of the following, alone or in combination:

Lymphocytic meningitis; cranial neuritis, particularly facial palsy (may be bilateral); radiculoneuropathy; or rarely, encephalomyelitis. Encephalomyelitis must be confirmed by showing antibody production against B. burgdorferi in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), demonstrated by a higher titer of antibody in CSF than in serum. Headache, fatigue, paresthesia, or mild stiff neck alone are not criteria for neurologic involvement.

Cardiovascular system

Acute onset, high-grade (2nd or 3rd degree) atrioventricular conduction defects that resolve in days to weeks and are sometimes associated with myocarditis. Palpitations, bradycardia, bundle branch block, or myocarditis alone are not criteria for cardiovascular involvement.

C. Exposure

Exposure is defined as having been in wooded, brushy, or grassy areas (potential tick habitats) in a county in which Lyme disease is endemic no more than 30 days before onset of EM. A history of tick bite is NOT required.

D. Disease endemic to county


A county in which Lyme disease is endemic is one in which at least two definite cases have been previously acquired or in which a known tick vector has been shown to be infected with B. burgdorferi

E. Laboratory confirmation

As noted above, laboratory confirmation of infection with B. burgdorferi is established when a laboratory isolates the spirochete from tissue or body fluid, detects diagnostic levels of IgM or IgG antibodies to the spirochete in serum or CSF, or detects a significant change in antibody levels in paired acute and convalescent phase serum samples. States may determine the criteria for laboratory confirmation and diagnostic levels of antibody. Syphilis and other known causes of biologic false-positive serologic test results should be excluded when laboratory confirmation has been based on serologic testing alone.


Well, what do you think? What works? What needs rewriting and why?
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Wednesday, March 16, 2011

9 Three Conditions: Scientific Evidence for Chronic Lyme

During the past year, the question of how to make the case in support of the existence and treatment of Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD) came up in The FASEB Journal.

In one critical response, the writer said that in order to support the existence and treatment of CLD, the following conditions need to be met:
  1. Develop a precise definition of what is meant by “chronic Lyme disease” so that it can be distinguished unequivocally from other medical conditions with similar symptoms.

  2. Provide direct and unequivocal evidence that a patient suspected of having chronic Lyme disease really has a persistent B. burgdorferi infection that justifies antibiotic therapy.

  3. Demonstrate, from the results of published, peer reviewed, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, that extended antibiotic therapy is beneficial and safe for the treatment of chronic Lyme disease.
Back on LN, one of the questions I posed was, "What is chronic Lyme disease?".  I posted it in all seriousness, wanting to know what people's responses were and why, in part because I was looking for consensus on the definition from the patient perspective. 

This is still an exercise I think worthy of working on - to make an effort to fulfill these three conditions in order to support or refute what is actually happening with CLD and put an end to the protracted arguments about it. 

I realize that the patient perspective and responses are only one piece that can define what is meant by CLD, and microbiologists and clinicians must confirm and define the condition - but patients' experience of their own illness and empirical evidence around it form a chunk of the data on which definitions by professionals rest.

But back to the above... How can anyone go about systematically providing the evidence required to meet these three conditions?

How many other diseases and conditions have been defined with precision, as is asked of CLD in #1? How many have not been defined with precision, but still meet the definition of a disease?

Is  #2 just about proving Koch's postulates? Yes or no? How can this be done with a xenodiagnosis study? Without a xenodiagnosis study? Remember, not all emerging diseases have had to fulfill all of Koch's postulates to be defined as they are.

Does #3 conditionally rest on the evidence of #2? This is something I always wondered and asked myself. 

Each of these three conditions to be met has its own challenges in providing evidence. How would you go about meeting these conditions, if money were no object and you had time to set it up yourself?
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Thursday, March 10, 2011

33 Having a Dialog About Censorship


This has been a crazy week here at Camp Other.

I was originally going to post my usual Friday Four science column, but it may just slide to the Saturday Six or something like that.

I have something else to say now, and I'll post more science later.

This post isn't about being banned from a forum, if you were expecting to hear more about that... Yes, I was puzzled why I got banned, and so were others. It happened, I wrote about it, and then I was going to move on.

However, I can't completely move on without saying a few things about the comments I've been receiving.

Right now, what I'm hearing and seeing is that people have been asked on the forum to not even mention the name, "Camp Other".

Not to speak about it, and any attempts to discuss it will lead to the thread being closed.  A request was made to PM the moderators about anything having to do with Camp Other instead.

And I'm also getting comments and reports about other people who think they've been censored, and think censorship on various groups has gotten out of hand.

Why I'm being censored now, I don't know - I consider this the hallmark of absurdity.

First banned, now censored?

This is a blog about science and social issues surrounding Lyme disease and other tickborne infections.

Mentioning this blog anywhere really shouldn't be that controversial... I don't think anything I've said anywhere online is that particularly controversial, other than occasionally I mention the somewhat-controversial-to-mainstream-medicine-IDSA-guidelines idea that Lyme disease might be a persistent, chronic infection.

But I want to say something about the people left behind, because what is happening there is controversial:

People shouldn't have to be in fear of what they say getting taken out of context, or be afraid to ask or be asked a challenging question - or be afraid, perhaps, of not saying something quite the right way using the right words.

What we need to do when people disagree, or challenge assumptions, or ask for more information is to simply respond to that: Have a dialog. Talk. Discuss.

A lot of misunderstandings that people have can be cleared up when they have  a meta-discussion - which is a discussion about how we discuss things and why we discuss things the way we do.

Shutting people down, kicking them out, closing the door, and putting earplugs on doesn't make them go away. They're still out there, saying something to someone - maybe even about you - only now you can't hear them.

Even if you can't hear them and they are far away, chances are the ideas they hold dear and the values they possess may be found in the next person who comes in the door, a stranger who greets you, or a random person who shows up on an online forum.

And then you will have to deal with those same ideas, same values, and other things you may disagree with or be challenged by.

People will also have an effect on those they leave behind whenever they go away - there are always ripples in their absence, whether they left because they were banned, left of their own free will, left because their computer died, left due to poor health, or any of a number of reasons.

Because when it comes to being amongst other patients - we all ultimately share in the same suffering and want the same things. And we notice that absence.

What makes a support group what it is is the patients, more than anyone else. And the needs of patients are what is paramount: building community, research, safety, understanding, proper diagnosis and treatment, and support. And just knowing that we're reaching out to others who are going through - or have gone through - the same things we have.

Maybe how each of us express our needs for those things differs, and maybe how we hope to achieve it differs - but the bottom line is that through dialog we can discuss those differences rather than deny them, or push them away.

Censorship is not the way to go. More communication is, in my opinion. Even if it's somewhat messy and misunderstandings take place. That's what compassion and forgiveness are for - allowing mistakes and accepting apologies.

If someone is truly being egregious in their behavior on a forum, that's one thing - and I think one has to draw the line somewhere. Somewhere reasonable.

I may have only been on this one forum for a few months, but that's enough time to see how things went - and it's particularly telling how things went after I've been gone. When people voluntarily leave due to censorship and people try to leave because they want out, that's saying something about the atmosphere they're in.

I don't like it.

I want anyone who posts comments to my blog to know that I will do my best not to censor any of you and let you speak your mind. Obviously you have to follow Blogger's terms of service - I have no control over those - and I have a rule that when you're discussing personal physicians, that you do not use their name or initial (use "my doctor" or  "a friend's doctor"), unless it's in relationship to something they said in the media or a published paper.

That's it. I really don't have any other rules, other than don't spam my blog or phish for information.

I think the time is ripe for more meta-discussions that I don't see anyone having, and those are the discussions about discussions which get shut down before they even start.

My main question is: Have you been censored and what can we do about censorship on patient forums?

If you are a Lyme disease patient and you want to discuss being censored or being banned online yourself, please leave a comment. You can still be Anonymous or use a username - either way,  I'll post your comment after it clears my spam filter.

If you are a Lyme disease patient and you want to bring up the discussion of censorship in general - especially in what changes you'd like to see in the way discussions online are handled - please drop me a comment.

Let's open dialog up, and see what happens.

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Wednesday, December 29, 2010

1 Getting the persistence model acknowledged


I was going to write a review on the three-part series on Chronic Lyme Disease written by the Roanoke Times, but on reflection I thought about how much mileage the Tribune has gotten for one poorly written, poorly researched syndicated article. It went from there to various newspapers, to being mentioned in Forbes and science blog, to spin-offs in Andrew Sullivan's column and god-knows-where-else by now.

Seems like lately there's almost an overwhelming wave of press about Chronic Lyme Disease that has been negative, and folks have been speculating that it's some plot by the IDSA and the University of Chicago or something.

I don't know. I really can't prove that. It could just be that the original authors of the Chicago Tribune screed just Googled "medical controversy" or something and Chronic Lyme Disease popped up and they said, "Ooooooh, let's try writing about that", with some girlish glee. I somehow find that more probable than some great newspaper conspiracy.

Anyway, I've been thinking about how it seems like the dominant voice in the media does seem to echo support for the IDSA approach, in an almost Borg-like fashion, and wonder if there is anyone the Chronic Lyme patient community could go to in order to get the word out about the persistence model of Borrelial infection and who their allies can be in educating the public and the media.

Relying on patient anecdotes and patient advocacy groups doesn't seem to be enough here or the right approach, in my opinion. The patient experience is what has gotten slammed, much as I and many others have suffered with it, through it - and some of us - mercifully past it. I keep thinking that getting three ducks lined up in a row are really what's going to help here next: science, medical professionals, and progressive media outlets.

On the first, I've been reflecting back on those IDSA Guideline reviews in July 2009... Remembered that two IDSA members who were originally on the panel ended up not being on them. Remember who? Right - Dr. Sam Donta and Dr. David Volkman.

Dr. Donta is a treating physician now who used to be an IDSA member, and so far as I can tell, now isn't. Dr. Volkman primarily does - or at least did - research on Borrelia, and did some research along with the folks of which so many Chronic Lyme patients seem to use their names in place of swear words... It's kinda like Steere = Voldemort, if you were going to draw from Harry Potter: He Who Shall Not Be Named.

Anyway, Dr. Donta was off the panel, when he could have been a useful voice as he supports the persistence model. Dr. Volkman, from what I could gather, is semi-retired by now or maybe totally retired, and got upset at other IDSA members for falsely citing and quoting his research publications and wrote a statement supporting the persistence model.

So there are two former IDSA members who were off the panel who support a persistence model. And as I quoted yesterday, Dr. Willy Burgdorfer - formerly of the National Institute of Health - also has stated he believes in a persistence model.

Those are three specialists I can think of off the top of my head who were with the IDSA or worked with members.

Okay, so that's not a lot.

But I wonder about this: There are 8,600 members of the IDSA at last count. Of that population - of the portion which is not comprised of the original Lyme Guidelines writers we're talking about here - how many of them believe that persistence in humans is at least possible? Of those, how many of them not only believe but know it is possible? How many of them haven't really paid much attention and focus their efforts elsewhere, too, given there are so many infectious diseases to deal with which get more attention and funding?

I wonder how many actual IDSA members from outside the guidelines panels exist who think persistence is possible -  but they are either quietly biding their time now or waiting for retirement when they'll be more willing to risk their opinions - because by then it won't be professional suicide?

Is anyone else out there who is a member of the IDSA who is retiring soon who is willing to look at the evidence and help push for more research on Borrelia and bring all the persistence data to light for the public and media?

Had Dr. Burgdorfer been interviewed by Good Morning America instead of Under Our Skin, what kind of impact would that have had, had he said the same things then?

Another thing I wonder about is how many microbiologists who are in graduate or doctoral programs have the opportunity to learn about Borrelia and study it in vivo and in vitro... as well as those who have already done research which has proven persistence at the senior academic level? Would the people who have written those oft-cited research papers on persistence the Lyme community keeps referring to actually be allies who could educate the public and media on what is suspected, known, and not known about Borrelia? About coinfections? About the impact they have on mammals when both are present? On humans? There is plenty of research out there already supporting a persistence model - it just needs more exposure and discussion.

Medical professionals... How many internists and primary care physicians are willing to treat their patients with extended courses of antibiotics to treat Lyme Disease? I know of one person whose primary care physician prescribed them four months of doxycycline treatment right after being bit by a tick and discussing their symptoms - including the rash. Granted, not everyone has the rash - but this person got treated early on while waiting for serology (which later turned out to be positive). Surely there are other doctors out there who do this who are using their own clinical judgment?

And nurses? I believe there is an association of nurses who formed a Lyme education group in Oregon because the response to Lyme patients in that state has been lacking... where is it? Ah yes, the Mail Tribune posted about nurses forming a Lyme education group in Rogue Valley, Southern Oregon.

Since the press has been slamming a handful of LLMDs lately and alternative treatments, give them what they will listen to more: mainstream medicine. Through this they will learn that not everyone who is not an LLMD thinks the 2006 guidelines are meant to be followed at all times.

Veterinarians... There's another data pool. If more of them would come forward to talk about their clinical experience with treating pets with Lyme and other coinfections, and talk about how widespread the problem is in their patient population - then maybe we'd have a better picture for epidemiology. After all, the same ticks that bite cats and dogs are the same ones that can bite us.

So there are the professionals in science and in medicine I would be approaching to ally with at this point. I don't think patient groups really can do it on their own, even with bills in every state to protect LLMDs. Having those bills hasn't led more primary care physicians to treat Lyme Disease longer, nor  led to more insurance companies willing to cover care.  But I think a groundswell of mainstream acceptability and research to back it will change the situation, and this requires moving away from identification with the fringes - both real, perceived, and media-sensationalized.

In terms of the media, this requires precision in identifying your audience and working with publications who can educate the public from different approaches while still not losing the intended message: It's about proven science and medical need.

The argument that can be made for the patient in the media is this:

This patient population needs treatment and is not getting it, insurance is denying payment for their treatment and science proves it is necessary; to not treat them would be unconscionable and like letting people die from tuberculosis, syphilis, and HIV just because insurance won't pay for it.

From there, I would have some former IDSA members speak out about it, and include Dr. Burgdorfer, a slew of microbiologists and medical students, mainstream doctors who have treated Lyme Disease anywhere from a bit longer than is standard to much longer, nurses, medical professionals who have come down with Lyme and coinfections themselves who have made the decision to treat themselves, and of course, some veterinarians.

I'd be working towards building a relationship with the best of the progressive press - for example, Utne Reader has posted a short piece about Lyme Disease which was informative and not negative. I'd be looking at popular science magazines, general health columns and magazines, newspaper science sections, watchdog and consumer advocacy columns, and books and magazines on pet care. By extension, well-traveled web sites with similar aims and content could be approached for queries.

This is just brainstorming in the moment. I don't know if I'm covering ground that's already been covered in saying all this or not, as there is so much written that I can never read it all. But I had to write something about it before it completely left my brain.

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The Camp Other Song Of The Month


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Lyme Disease

Borrelia

Bacteria

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